Tuesday, 15 May 2012

PROGRESS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION PROCESSOR


PCs are designed based on generations of different CPUs. Intel is not the only company that makes the CPU, although that became a pioneer among others. In every generation that dominates the Intel chips, but the fifth generation there are few options other than Intel chips.

GENERATION 1 (Processor 8088 and 8086)

Processor 8086 (1978) is the first Intel 16 bit CPU that uses 16-bit system bus. But the 16-bit hardware like the motherboard when it's too expensive, where 8-bit microcomputer is standard. In 1979 Intel CPU redesigned to fit the 8-bit hardware is there. The first PC (1981) has this 8088 CPU. 8088 is a 16 bit CPU, but only internally. External data bus width is only 8 bits that give kompatibelan with existing hardware.

Indeed 8088 is a CPU 16 / 8 bits. Logically this processor can be named 8086SX. 8086 is the first CPU that is really 16 bits in this family.

80 286 GENERATION 2 processor

286 (1982) is also a 16 bit processor. This processor has a relatively big progress compared to the first generation chips. Clock frequency is increased, but the main improvement is to optimize the handling of orders. 286 produces more work per clock tick than 8088/8086. In the initial speed (6 MHz) demonstrating work four times better than 8086 at 4.77 MHz. Recently introduced with the clock speed of 8.10, and 12 MHz are used in IBM PC-AT (1984). Renewal of the others is the ability to work in protected mode / modes of protection - a new working mode with a "24-bit virtual address mode" / 24-bit virtual addressing mode, which confirms the shift from DOS to Windows and multitasking. But you can not switch from protected mode back to real / real mode without booting their PCs and operating systems that use this only OS / 2 the time.

GENERATION 3 80 386 DX Processor

386 was launched October 17, 1985. 80 386 is a 32 bit CPU first. From the point of view of traditional DOS PC, not a revolution. 286 great works as soon as the first 386SX-32 bit mode while applying. This processor can put address up to 4 GB of memory and has a way of addressing that is better than 286. 386 work at a clock speed of 16.20, and 33 MHz. Later Cyrix and AMD make clones / imitations are working at 40 MHz. 386 introduced a new working mode in addition to real and protected mode on 286. The new mode called virtual 8086 is open for multitasking because the CPU can create multiple virtual 8086 in each memory location individually. 80 386 is the first CPU with a good job demonstrating early versions of Windows.

Processor 80386SX

This chip is a chip that did not complete the most famous of the 386DX. This processor has only a 16-bit external data bus is different from the 32 bit DX. Also, the SX has only 24 address lines. Therefore, this processor can only put address a maximum of 16 MB RAM. This processor is not the real 386, but a cheaper motherboard makes it very popular.

GENERATION 4 80 486 DX Processor

80 486 issued 10 April 1989 and works two times faster than its predecessor. This can happen because of the handling of x86 commands a faster, more-more in RISC mode. At the same time the bus speed was increased, but the 386DX and 486DX are 32 bit chips. Something new in the 486 is to make a math coprocessor / mathematical auxiliary processor.

Previously, the math co-processor chip to be installed is a separate 387, 486 also has 8 KB of L1 cache.

80 486 SX Processor

This is a new processor chip that is not complete. Math co-processor is removed compared to 486DX.

Processor Cyrix 486SLC

Cyrix and Texas Instruments have made a series of 486SLC chips. Chip-chip using the same set of commands such as 486DX, and worked internally 32 bit like DX. Externally but works only on 16 bit (like a 386SX). Therefore, the chips can only handle 16 MB RAM. Moreover, only has 1 KB of internal cache and no mathematical co-processor. Indeed these chips are only 286/386SX improvement. Chip-chip is not a clone chips. These chips have a fundamental difference in architecture when compared to Intel chips.

IBM Processor 486SLC2

IBM has made its own 486 chip. A series of chip was named SLC2 and SLC3. The latter is known as Blue Lightning. These chips can be compared with Intel's 486SX, because they do not have a mathematical coprocessor into one. But it has 16 KB internal cache (compared to Intel which has 8 KB). Which reduces its performance is from the chip bus interface 386. SLC2 worked at 25/50 MHz externally and internally, while the chip SLC3 work on 25/75 and 33/100 MHz. IBM makes chips for their own PCs with their own facilities, melesensi logiknya from Intel.

Development of 486 Next



DX4, DX4 processor Intel-processor represents an increase of 80,486. Tripled its speed from 25 to 75 MHz and from 33 to 100 MHz. Another DX4 chip is accelerated up to from 25 to 83 MHz. DX4 has 16 KB internal cache and works at 3.3 volts. DX and DX2 have only 8 KB cache and require 5 volt with inherent heat problems.

Table CPU and FPU

CPU FPU '

8086 8087

80286 80287

80386 80387

80486DX Built in / in

80486SX None

Inside the Pentium and thereafter



GENERATION 5 Pentium Classic (P54C)



The chip was developed by Intel and released on March 22, 1993. Pentium is a super scalar processor, which means that this processor can run more than one command per clock tick. This processor handles two commands every tick, comparable with two 486 in a single chip. There are big changes in the bus system: double width to 64 bits and its speed increased to 60 or 66 MHz. Since then, Intel Pentium produces two kinds of working at 60 MHz system bus (P90, P120, P150, and P180) and the rest, working at 66 MHz (P100, P133, P166, and P200).



Cyrix 6 × 86



Cyrix chips from the company that introduced February 5, 1996 This is a cheap imitation Pentium. This chip is compatible with the Pentium, because it fits with the Socket 7. Cyrix CPU-CPUnya market by comparing the clock frequency of Intel. Cyrix 6 × 86 is known with poor performance on floating pointnya. Cyrix has a problem when running NT 4.0.



AMD (Advanced Micro Devices)



AMD Pentium Pentium-like chips offered by Intel to compete with strictly. AMD uses their own technologies. Therefore, the processor is not a clone-clone. AMD has a series as follows: - K5, can be equated with the Pentium, Pentium Classic (with 16 KB L1 cache and without MMX).

- K6, K6-2, and K6-3 to compete with Pentium MMX and Pentium II.

- K7 Athlon, August 1999, is not compatible with Socket 7.



AMD K5



K5 is a Pentium clone. K5 long as the samples sold as PR133 (Perform rating.) That is, demonstrating that the chip would work like a Pentium P133. However, only runs 100 MHz internally. The chip can still be installed on the motherboard like a P133. AMD K5 PR166 also there. This chip is intended to compete with Intel's P166. Works only on 116.6 MHz (1.75 x 66 MHz) internally. This is due to an optimized cache and other new developments. There's only feature that does not comply with the P166 is in floating-point work. PR133 and PR166 worth far less expensive than a comparable Pentium type, and the processor is very well known on the machines at low prices.

Pentium MMX (P55C)



Pentium, Pentium P55C was introduced January 8, 1997. MMX is a collection of new orders (57 new integer, 4 new data types and 8 64-bit registers), which extends the capabilities of these CPUs. MMX's commands are designed for multimedia programs. Programmers can use these commandments in its programs. This will provide improvements in running the program.





IDT Winchip

IDT is a smaller company that produces such as the Pentium MMX CPU at a low price. IDT C6 WinChip first introduced in May 1997.



AMD K6

AMD K6 was launched 2 April 1997. This chip is demonstrating working a little better than the Pentium MMX. Therefore, included in the P6 family.

· Equipped with 32 +32 KB L1 cache and MMX.

· Contains 8.8 million transistors.

K5 K6 as well as compatible with the Pentium. Thus, it can be placed on the Socket 7, the general Pentium motherboards, and it soon became very famous for making K6.









Cyrix 6x86MX (MII)



Cyrix also has a chip with high performance, are among the generation of the 5th and 6th. The first type is seated against the Pentium MMX chip from Intel. The next type can be compared with the K6. A powerful group of P6 processor from Cyrix announced as "M2". Introduced on May 30, 1997 his name became 6x86MX. Then given the name of MII. 6x86MX chip is compatible with MMX Pnetium and paired normal on Socket 7 motherboards, 6x86MX has 64 KB internal L1 cache. Cyrix also utilizing technology not found in the Pentium MMX.

6X86MX specifically compared with the 6 th generation CPU other (Pentium II and Pro and K6) since it does not work based on RISC kernel. 6X86MX run the original CISC instructions, such as the Pentium MMX.

6X86MX have - like all Dary processor Cyrix - a problem related to the FPU unit. However, if only used for standard applications, this is not a problem. Problems will arise if the play 3D games. 6x86MX chip is quite powerful. But these chips have no FPU and MMX are demonstrating good work. These chips do not include technology, 3DNow!

Internal and External speed 6x86MX

Speed Speed 6x8MX internal external

PR166 150 MHz 60 MHz

PR200 166 MHz 66 MHz

PR233 188 MHz 75 MHz

PR266 225 MHz 75 MHz

PR300 233 MHz 66 MHz

PR333 255 MHz 83 MHz

PR433 285 MHz 95 MHz

PR466 333 MHz 95 MHz

Two types of 6X86MX and MII, on 14 April 1998 version of the Cyrix MII launched. This chip is actually the same chip with 6x86MX only works on a higher clock frequency. Furthermore, the voltage reduced to 2.2 volts.



AMD K6-2

Version of the "model 8" K6 next has a code name "Chomper". This processor on May 28, 1998 is marketed as a K6-2, and the like versions of the original K6 model 7, made with 0:25 micron technology. These chips work only with a 2.2 voltage. This chip became the rival of Intel's Pentium II.

K6-2 is made for the front-side bus (bus system) at a speed of 100 MHz and Super 7 motherboard. AMD to make other companies such as Via and Alladin, create a new chip set for traditional Socket 7 motherboard, after Intel knew in 1997 to stop the platform.

K6-2 also improved the performance of MMX is two times better than the initial K6. K6-2 has a new 3D plug-ins (called 3DNow!) For the performance of the game better. Consisting of 21 new instructions that can be used by software developers to provide 3D performance is better.

Support is included in DirectX 6.0 for Windows. DirectX is the multimedia API, to Windows. DirectX is a program that can improve multimedia performance in all Windows programs.

Multimedia 3DNow! not compatible with MMX, but MMX K6-2 has the best 3DNow!. Cyrix and IDT also launched a CPU with 3DNow!.

K6-2 give the performance is very, very good. You can compare this with the Pentium II processor. K6-2 350 MHz work demonstrating very similar to the Pentium II-350, but sold more cheaply. And to save more for a cheaper motherboard.

K6-2 With its Bus and Clock

K6-2 Bus Clock

266 MHz 66 MHz 4.0 x 66 MHz

266 MHz 88 MHz 3.0 x 88 MHz

300 MHz 100 MHz 3.0 x 100 MHz

333 MHz 95 MHz 3.5 x 95 MHz

350 MHz 100 MHz 3.5 x 100 MHz

380 MHz 95 MHz 4.0 x 95 MHz

400 MHz 100 MHz 4.0 x 100 MHz

GENERATION 6 Pentium Pro

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